ChaoZhang
概述
本策略利用人工神经网络对未来价格变化进行预测,根据预测结果生成交易信号,属于趋势跟踪策略。策略优点是可以识别复杂的非线性趋势,适合中长线交易。但是也存在回测效果良好,实盘效果不佳的风险。
策略原理
该策略使用人工神经网络(ANN)预测未来一日的涨跌幅。
输入层只有一个输入节点,是过去一日的涨跌幅百分比。
隐含层包含2层,第一层有5个节点,第二层有33个节点,都使用双曲正切(tanh)作为激活函数。
输出层只有一个输出节点,经过线性激活函数后直接作为最终的预测结果。
如果预测结果大于threshold参数的值,则生成买入信号,如果小于负的threshold参数的值,则生成卖出信号。
策略优势
- 使用ANN模型进行预测,可以拟合复杂的非线性趋势
- 输入只使用一日的数据,不需要大量历史数据
- 可以识别更长时间尺度上的趋势
- 使用多个隐含层,拟合能力强
- 激活函数和参数经过优化,预测效果较好
策略风险
- ANN算法存在过拟合风险,实盘效果可能不如回测
- 需要较长的历史数据进行训练,不适合最近上市的股票
- 参数和结构需要反复优化,效果不稳定
- 只预测一日涨跌,无法判断长期趋势
- 当市场进入震荡期,效果可能会变差
优化方向
- 增加输入变量,如成交量等信息
- 尝试不同的ANN结构和激活函数
- 优化ANN的参数,提高拟合精度
- 增加训练集样本量,避免过拟合
- 预测多个时间尺度,判断长短期趋势
- combine with other models, ensemble learning
- 使用波动率等指标加强风险控制
总结
本策略利用ANN模型进行价格变化预测,可以识别复杂的非线性趋势,适合中长线交易。但是ANN模型的黑盒特性也给实盘带来很大挑战。我们需要从输入特征、模型结构、参数优化、 ensemble learning等方面进行优化,同时辅以传统技术分析指标加强操作效果,降低实盘风险。人工智能策略仍需与传统策略完美结合,才能发挥最大效果。
策略源码
/*backtest
start: 2023-10-14 00:00:00
end: 2023-11-13 00:00:00
period: 1h
basePeriod: 15m
exchanges: [{"eid":"Futures_Binance","currency":"BTC_USDT"}]
*/
//@version=2
strategy("ANN Strategy v2")
threshold = input(title="Threshold", type=float, defval=0.0000, step=0.0001)
timeframe = input(title="Timeframe", defval='1D' )
getDiff() =>
yesterday=request.security(syminfo.tickerid, timeframe, ohlc4[1])
today=ohlc4
delta=today-yesterday
percentage=delta/yesterday
PineActivationFunctionLinear(v) => v
PineActivationFunctionTanh(v) => (exp(v) - exp(-v))/(exp(v) + exp(-v))
l0_0 = PineActivationFunctionLinear(getDiff())
l1_0 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l0_0*0.8446488687)
l1_1 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l0_0*-0.5674069006)
l1_2 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l0_0*0.8676766445)
l1_3 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l0_0*0.5200611473)
l1_4 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l0_0*-0.2215499554)
l2_0 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.3341657935 + l1_1*-2.0060003664 + l1_2*0.8606354375 + l1_3*0.9184846912 + l1_4*-0.8531172267)
l2_1 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.0394076437 + l1_1*-0.4720374911 + l1_2*0.2900968524 + l1_3*1.0653326022 + l1_4*0.3000188806)
l2_2 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.559307785 + l1_1*-0.9353655177 + l1_2*1.2133832962 + l1_3*0.1952686024 + l1_4*0.8552068166)
l2_3 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.4293220754 + l1_1*0.8484259409 + l1_2*-0.7154087313 + l1_3*0.1102971055 + l1_4*0.2279392724)
l2_4 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.9111779155 + l1_1*0.2801691115 + l1_2*0.0039982713 + l1_3*-0.5648257117 + l1_4*0.3281705155)
l2_5 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.2963954503 + l1_1*0.4046532178 + l1_2*0.2460580977 + l1_3*0.6608675819 + l1_4*-0.8732022547)
l2_6 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.8810811932 + l1_1*0.6903706878 + l1_2*-0.5953059103 + l1_3*-0.3084040686 + l1_4*-0.4038498853)
l2_7 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.5687101164 + l1_1*0.2736758588 + l1_2*-0.2217360382 + l1_3*0.8742950972 + l1_4*0.2997583987)
l2_8 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.0708459913 + l1_1*0.8221730616 + l1_2*-0.7213265567 + l1_3*-0.3810462836 + l1_4*0.0503867753)
l2_9 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.4880140595 + l1_1*0.9466627196 + l1_2*1.0163097961 + l1_3*-0.9500386514 + l1_4*-0.6341709382)
l2_10 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*1.3402207103 + l1_1*0.0013395288 + l1_2*3.4813009133 + l1_3*-0.8636814677 + l1_4*41.3171047132)
l2_11 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*1.2388217292 + l1_1*-0.6520886912 + l1_2*0.3508321737 + l1_3*0.6640560714 + l1_4*1.5936220597)
l2_12 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.1800525171 + l1_1*-0.2620989752 + l1_2*0.056675277 + l1_3*-0.5045395315 + l1_4*0.2732553554)
l2_13 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.7776331454 + l1_1*0.1895231137 + l1_2*0.5384918862 + l1_3*0.093711904 + l1_4*-0.3725627758)
l2_14 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.3181583022 + l1_1*0.2467979854 + l1_2*0.4341718676 + l1_3*-0.7277619935 + l1_4*0.1799381758)
l2_15 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.5558227731 + l1_1*0.3666152536 + l1_2*0.1538243225 + l1_3*-0.8915928174 + l1_4*-0.7659355684)
l2_16 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.6111516061 + l1_1*-0.5459495224 + l1_2*-0.5724238425 + l1_3*-0.8553500765 + l1_4*-0.8696190472)
l2_17 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.6843667454 + l1_1*0.408652181 + l1_2*-0.8830470112 + l1_3*-0.8602324935 + l1_4*0.1135462621)
l2_18 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.1569048216 + l1_1*-1.4643247888 + l1_2*0.5557152813 + l1_3*1.0482791924 + l1_4*1.4523116833)
l2_19 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.5207514017 + l1_1*-0.2734444192 + l1_2*-0.3328660936 + l1_3*-0.7941515963 + l1_4*-0.3536051491)
l2_20 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.4097807954 + l1_1*0.3198619826 + l1_2*0.461681627 + l1_3*-0.1135575498 + l1_4*0.7103339851)
l2_21 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.8725014237 + l1_1*-1.0312091401 + l1_2*0.2267643037 + l1_3*-0.6814258121 + l1_4*0.7524828703)
l2_22 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.3986855003 + l1_1*0.4962556631 + l1_2*-0.7330224516 + l1_3*0.7355772164 + l1_4*0.3180141739)
l2_23 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-1.083080442 + l1_1*1.8752543187 + l1_2*0.3623326265 + l1_3*-0.348145191 + l1_4*0.1977935038)
l2_24 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.0291290625 + l1_1*0.0612906199 + l1_2*0.1219696687 + l1_3*-1.0273685429 + l1_4*0.0872219768)
l2_25 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.931791094 + l1_1*-0.313753684 + l1_2*-0.3028724837 + l1_3*0.7387076712 + l1_4*0.3806140391)
l2_26 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.2630619402 + l1_1*-1.9827996702 + l1_2*-0.7741413496 + l1_3*0.1262957444 + l1_4*0.2248777886)
l2_27 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.2666322362 + l1_1*-1.124654664 + l1_2*0.7288282621 + l1_3*-0.1384289204 + l1_4*0.2395966188)
l2_28 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.6611845175 + l1_1*0.0466048937 + l1_2*-0.1980999993 + l1_3*0.8152350927 + l1_4*0.0032723211)
l2_29 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.3150344751 + l1_1*0.1391754608 + l1_2*0.5462816249 + l1_3*-0.7952302364 + l1_4*-0.7520712378)
l2_30 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*-0.0576916066 + l1_1*0.3678415302 + l1_2*0.6802537378 + l1_3*1.1437036331 + l1_4*-0.8637405666)
l2_31 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*0.7016273068 + l1_1*0.3978601709 + l1_2*0.3157049654 + l1_3*-0.2528455662 + l1_4*-0.8614146703)
l2_32 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l1_0*1.1741126834 + l1_1*-1.4046408959 + l1_2*1.2914477803 + l1_3*0.9904052964 + l1_4*-0.6980155826)
l3_0 = PineActivationFunctionTanh(l2_0*-0.1366382003 + l2_1*0.8161960822 + l2_2*-0.9458773183 + l2_3*0.4692969576 + l2_4*0.0126710629 + l2_5*-0.0403001012 + l2_6*-0.0116244898 + l2_7*-0.4874816289 + l2_8*-0.6392241448 + l2_9*-0.410338398 + l2_10*-0.1181027081 + l2_11*0.1075562037 + l2_12*-0.5948728252 + l2_13*0.5593677345 + l2_14*-0.3642935247 + l2_15*-0.2867603217 + l2_16*0.142250271 + l2_17*-0.0535698019 + l2_18*-0.034007685 + l2_19*-0.3594532426 + l2_20*0.2551095195 + l2_21*0.4214344983 + l2_22*0.8941621336 + l2_23*0.6283377368 + l2_24*-0.7138020667 + l2_25*-0.1426738249 + l2_26*0.172671223 + l2_27*0.0714824385 + l2_28*-0.3268182144 + l2_29*-0.0078989755 + l2_30*-0.2032828145 + l2_31*-0.0260631534 + l2_32*0.4918037012)
buying = l3_0 > 0 ? true : l3_0 < -0 ? false : buying[1]
hline(0, title="base line")
//bgcolor(l3_0 > 0.0014 ? green : l3_0 < -0.0014 ? red : gray, transp=20)
bgcolor(buying ? green : red, transp=20)
plot(l3_0, color=silver, style=area, transp=75)
plot(l3_0, color=aqua, title="prediction")
longCondition = buying
if (longCondition)
strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
shortCondition = buying != true
if (shortCondition)
strategy.entry("Short", strategy.short)