Estratégia de tendência quantitativa baseada em múltiplos factores

Autora:ChaoZhang, Data: 2024-01-12 11:09:40
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Resumo

Esta estratégia considera de forma abrangente fatores como volume de negociação, volatilidade, posição de preço de fechamento, tendência, etc. para identificar oportunidades de negociação.

Princípio da estratégia

A ideia central desta estratégia é identificar pontos de entrada e saída combinando avanços anormais no volume de negociação, posição de fechamento, faixa de volatilidade e outros fatores.

Especificamente, a estratégia calcula o volume médio de negociação durante um período de tempo. Quando o volume de negociação do período atual mostra um avanço anormal significativo, pode indicar uma reversão de tendência. Além disso, se o preço de fechamento estiver perto do limite superior ou inferior da faixa de volatilidade, também implica uma possível reversão de tendência. Combinando o volume de negociação e a posição de fechamento, os pontos de entrada e saída potenciais podem ser julgados inicialmente.

Para verificar os sinais de negociação, esta estratégia também leva em consideração a faixa de volatilidade. Se a volatilidade atual atravessa o nível médio durante um período, ela forma a primeira condição dos sinais de negociação. Em seguida, se o preço de fechamento de uma barra alta cair na metade inferior da faixa de volatilidade com volume crescente, um sinal de venda é gerado. Pelo contrário, se o preço de fechamento de uma barra baixa estiver na metade superior da faixa de volatilidade com volume decrescente, então um sinal de compra é produzido.

Além disso, esta estratégia também utiliza a média móvel para determinar a tendência geral.

Ao integrar os indicadores acima referidos, esta estratégia pode identificar eficazmente os pontos de entrada e saída do mercado.

Vantagens

A maior vantagem desta estratégia é que leva em conta vários fatores para a tomada de decisão, tornando os sinais de negociação mais confiáveis.

  1. Detectar sinais de reversão da tendência precocemente por volume anormal de negociação.
  2. Determinar a tendência real por intervalo de volatilidade e posição de fechamento, evitando ruídos de curto prazo.
  3. Assegurar que a estratégia se alinha com a tendência principal, verificando a média móvel de médio e longo prazo.
  4. Reduzir as perdas verificando os sinais a partir de vários aspectos.

Riscos

Há também vários riscos desta estratégia:

  1. Complexo para otimizar parâmetros com múltiplos fatores.
  2. Incapaz de evitar completamente sinais falsos.
  3. O julgamento errado das principais tendências pode afetar negativamente o desempenho geral.
  4. Os parâmetros de volatilidade necessitam de ajustamentos em função dos diferentes ambientes de mercado.

Orientações de otimização

Principais aspectos em que esta estratégia pode ser otimizada:

  1. Usar modelos de aprendizagem de máquina para ajustar automaticamente parâmetros.
  2. Adicionar mecanismos de stop loss para controlar os riscos.
  3. Integrar mais fatores como fluxos de caixa para determinar as principais tendências.
  4. Parâmetro de volatilidade adaptativa de projeto.

Conclusão

Esta estratégia identifica as chances de negociação, levando em conta vários fatores. As vantagens estão em mecanismos de sinalização abrangentes e desempenho estável, enquanto os principais riscos vêm do ajuste de parâmetros e previsão de tendências principais imprecisas. Algumas técnicas como aprendizado de máquina podem ser aplicadas para uma otimização adicional no futuro.


/*backtest
start: 2023-12-12 00:00:00
end: 2024-01-11 00:00:00
period: 1h
basePeriod: 15m
exchanges: [{"eid":"Futures_Binance","currency":"BTC_USDT"}]
*/

//@version=3
strategy("volume spread analysis ", overlay=true)

volavg = sma(volume,40)
c= close
l=low
h=high
v=volume

volmean 			= 	stdev(volavg,30) 
volupband3 			= 	volavg + 3*volmean 
volupband2 			= 	volavg + 2*volmean 
volupband1 			= 	volavg + 1*volmean 
voldnband1 			= 	volavg -1*volmean 
voldnband2 			= 	volavg -2*volmean 
midprice			=	(high+low)/2
spread				=	(high-low)
avgspread			=	sma(spread,80)
avgspreadbar     	=   spread > avgspread
widerangebar		=	spread>(1.5*avgspread)
narrowrangebar	    =	spread<(0.7*avgspread)
lowvolume			=	volume<volume[1] and volume<volume[2]
upbar				=	close>close[1] 
downbar			    =	close<close[1] 
highvolume			=	volume>volume[1] and volume[1]>volume[2]
closefactor		    =	close-low
clsposition 		=	spread/closefactor

closeposition		=	iff(closefactor==0,avgspread,clsposition)
vb					=	volume>volavg or volume>volume[1]
upclose			    =	close>=((spread*0.7)+low)// close is above 70% of the bar
downclose			=	close<=((spread*0.3)+low)// close is below the 30% of the bar
aboveclose			=	close>((spread*0.5)+low)// close is between 50% and 70% of the bar
belowclose			=	close<((spread*0.5)+low)// close is between 50% and 30% of the bar
midclose			=	close>((spread*0.3)+low) and c<((spread*0.7)+l)// close is between 30% and 70% of the bar
verylowclose		=	closeposition>4//close is below 25% of the bar
veryhighclose		=	closeposition<1.35// close is above 80% of the bar
closepos			= 	iff(close<=((spread*0.2)+low),1,iff(close<=((spread*0.4)+low),2,iff(close<=((spread*0.6)+low),3,iff(close<=((spread*0.8)+low),4,5))))
                    // 1 = downclose, 2 = belowclose, 3 = midclose, 4 = aboveclose, 5 = upclose
volpos				=  	iff(volume>volavg*2,1,iff(volume>volavg*1.3,2,iff(volume>volavg,3,iff(volume<volavg and volume>volavg*0.7,4,5))))
                    //// 1 = very high, 2 = high, 3 = above average, 4 = less than average, 5 = low
freshgndhi          =  close > highestbars(h,5)
freshgndlo          =  close < lowestbars(l,5)



//========================trend estimation =========================
//jtrend=sma(close,5)
//trendlongterm     =  linreg(jtrend,40) 
//trendmediumterm   =  linreg(jtrend,10) 
//trendshortterm    =  linreg(jtrend,3)
//tls=linreg(jtrend,3)

minperiodsrwist = input(title="short term min periods",  defval=2, minval=1)
maxperiodsrwist = input(title="short term max periods",  defval=8, minval=1)


minperiodsrwilt = input(title="long term min periods",  defval=10, minval=1)
maxperiodsrwilt = input(title="long term max periods",  defval=40, minval=1)

rwhmins = (high - nz(low[minperiodsrwist])) / (atr(minperiodsrwist) * sqrt(minperiodsrwist))
rwhmaxs = (high - nz(low[maxperiodsrwist])) / (atr(maxperiodsrwist) * sqrt(maxperiodsrwist))
rwhs = max( rwhmins, rwhmaxs )

rwlmins = (nz(high[minperiodsrwist]) - low) / (atr(minperiodsrwist) * sqrt(minperiodsrwist))
rwlmaxs = (nz(high[maxperiodsrwist]) - low) / (atr(maxperiodsrwist) * sqrt(maxperiodsrwist))
rwls = max( rwlmins, rwlmaxs )


rwhminl = (high - nz(low[minperiodsrwilt])) / (atr(minperiodsrwilt) * sqrt(minperiodsrwilt))
rwhmaxl = (high - nz(low[maxperiodsrwilt])) / (atr(maxperiodsrwilt) * sqrt(maxperiodsrwilt))
rwhl = max( rwhminl, rwhmaxl )

rwlminl = (nz(high[minperiodsrwilt]) - low) / (atr(minperiodsrwilt) * sqrt(minperiodsrwilt))
rwlmaxl = (nz(high[maxperiodsrwilt]) - low) / (atr(maxperiodsrwilt) * sqrt(maxperiodsrwilt))
rwll = max( rwlminl, rwlmaxl )





ground = rwhs
sky    = rwls  
j      = rwhs-rwls
k      = rwhl-rwll
j2     = rwhl 
k2     = rwll  
ja     = cross(j,1) 
jb     = cross(1,j) 
jc     = cross(-1,j)
jd     = cross(j,-1)
j2a    = cross(j2,1)
j2b    = cross(1,j2)
k2a    = cross(k2,1)
k2b    = cross(1,k2)
upmajoron   = j > 1 and ja[1]
upmajoroff  = j < 1 and jb[1]
upminoron   = j2 > 1 and j2a[1]
upminoroff  = j2 < 1 and j2b[1]
dnmajoron   = j < -1 and jc[1]
dnmajoroff  = j > -1 and jd[1]
dnminoron   = k2 > 1 and k2a[1]
dnminoroff  = k2 < 1 and k2b[1]
upimd       = iff(ground > 1, 1,0)
dnimd       = iff(sky > 1, 1, 0)
upmajor     = iff(j>1,1,iff(j<(-1),-1,0))
upminor     = iff(j2>1,1,-1)
dnminor     = iff(k2>1,1,-1)
//======================================================================|

Buy_stop = lowest(low[1],5) - atr(20)[1]
plot(Buy_stop, color=red, title="buy_stoploss")
Sell_stop = highest(high[1],5) + atr(20)[1] 
plot(Sell_stop, color=green, title="sell_stoploss")

//======================================================================| 

//upthrustbar		=	widerangebar and downclose  and upimd==1 and high>high[1]  //wrb and uhs and fresh ground
nut              	=       widerangebar and downclose  and freshgndhi and highvolume // new signal
bc               	=       widerangebar and aboveclose and volume == highest(volume,60) and upmajor==1  // new signal
upthrustbar		=	widerangebar and (closepos==1 or closepos==2) and upminor>0 and high>high[1] and (upimd>0or upmajor>0) and volpos <4// after minor up trend
upthrustbartrue		=	widerangebar and closepos==1 and upmajor>0 and high>high[1] and volpos <4//occurs after a major uptrend
upthrustcond1		=	upthrustbar[1] and downbar and not narrowrangebar 
upthrustcond2		=	upthrustbar[1] and downbar and volpos == 2
upthrustcond3		=	upthrustbar and volpos ==1
toprevbar		=	volume[1]>volavg  and upbar[1] and widerangebar[1] and downbar and downclose and widerangebar and upmajor>0 and high==highest(high,10)
pseudoupthrust		=	upbar[1] and high>high[1] and volume[1]>1.5*volavg and downbar and downclose and  not upthrustbar
pseudoutcond		=	pseudoupthrust[1] and downbar and downclose and not upthrustbar
trendchange		=	upbar[1] and high==highest(high,5) and downbar and (downclose or midclose) and volume>volavg and upmajor>0 and upimd>0 and not widerangebar and not pseudoupthrust 
nodemandbarut		=	upbar and narrowrangebar and lowvolume and closepos> 3 and ((upminor>0 and upimd>0)or (upminor<0 and upminor>0))//in a up market
nodemandbardt		=	upbar and narrowrangebar and lowvolume and closepos> 3 and (upminor<=0or upimd<=0)// in a down or sidewayss market
nosupplybar		=	downbar and narrowrangebar and lowvolume  and closepos<3 and ((upminor<1 and upimd<1)or (upminor>0 and upimd<1))
lowvoltest		=   	low==lowest(low,5) and upclose and lowvolume//lowvolume and l<low[1] and upclose
lowvoltest1		= 	low==lowest(low,5) and volume<volavg and low<low[1] and upclose and upminor>0 and upmajor>0// and widerangebar
lowvoltest2		= 	lowvoltest[1] and upbar and upclose
sellcond1		=	(upthrustcond1 or upthrustcond2 or upthrustcond3) 
sellcond2		=	sellcond1[1]==0
sellcond		=	sellcond1 and sellcond2
strengthdown0		= 	upmajor<0 and volpos<4 and downbar[1] and upbar and closepos>3 and upminor<0 and upimd<=0// strength after a long down trend
strengthdown		= 	volpos<4 and downbar[1] and upbar and closepos>3 and upimd<=00 and upminor<0// strength after a down trend
strengthdown1		= 	upmajor<0 and volume>(volavg*1.5) and downbar[1] and upbar and closepos>3 and upminor<0 and upimd<=0//strength after downtrend . high volume
strengthdown2		=	upimd<=0 and volume[1]<volavg  and upbar and veryhighclose and volpos<4
buycond1		= 	strengthdown or strengthdown1
buycond			= 	upbar  and buycond1[1]
stopvolume		= 	low==lowest(low,5)  and (upclose or midclose) and v>1.5*volavg and upmajor<0
revupthrust		=	upmajor<0 and upbar and upclose and volume>volume[1] and volume>volavg and  widerangebar and downbar[1] and downclose[1] and upminor<0
effortup		=	high>high[1] and low>low[1] and close>close[1] and close>=((high-low)*0.7+low) and spread>avgspread and volpos<4//and open<=((high-low)*0.3+low) 
effortupfail		=	effortup[1] and (upthrustbar or upthrustcond1 or upthrustcond2 or upthrustcond3 or (downbar and avgspreadbar))
effortdown		=	high<high[1] and low<low[1] and close<close[1] and  close<=((high-low)*0.25+low) and widerangebar and volume>volume[1]//o>=((high-low)*0.75+
effortdownfail  	=  	effortdown[1] and ((upbar and avgspreadbar)or revupthrust or buycond1)
upflag           	=  	(sellcond or buycond or effortup or effortupfail or stopvolume or effortdown or effortdownfail or revupthrust or nodemandbardt or nodemandbarut or nosupplybar or lowvoltest	or lowvoltest1 or lowvoltest2 or bc)
bullbar			=	(volume>volavg or volume>volume[1]) and closeposition <2 and upbar and not upflag
bearbar			=	vb  and downclose and downbar and spread>avgspread and not upflag 
buy =	(upbar and revupthrust[1])or lowvoltest2
burely				=	strengthdown1 and stopvolume[1]or (upbar and revupthrust[1])or lowvoltest2
//buy				=	effortup and lowvoltest2[1] 
//sell			=	upthrustbartrue
sell			=	effortup[1] and effortupfail and upthrustcond3 and upthrustbartrue and toprevbar

strategy.entry("simpleBuy", strategy.long, when= (upbar and revupthrust[1])or lowvoltest2 )
strategy.close("simpleBuy",when=upthrustbartrue )
    
//strategy.entry("simpleSell", strategy.short,when= upthrustbartrue )
//strategy.close("simpleSell",when= (upbar and revupthrust[1])or lowvoltest2)
    




//|============================================================================================|
//data = close >= open
//plotshape(true, style=shape.flag, color=data ? green : red)

plotshape((upthrustbar or upthrustbartrue)	,title="upthrustbaro"	,style=shape.arrowdown		,size=size.huge,color=red	)
//plotshape(toprevbar					        ,title="toprevbar"  	,style=shape.flag		,size=size.small,color=blue	)
//plotshape((pseudoupthrust)			    	,title="(pseudoupthrus"	,style=shape.circle		,size=size.small,color=blue	)
//plotshape((upthrustcond1 or upthrustcond2)	,title="upthrustcond1"	,style=shape.triangleup		,size=size.small,color=red	)
plotshape(trendchange		    			,title="trendchange"	,style=shape.xcross		,size=size.small,color=red	)
//plotshape((nodemandbardt)		    		,title="(nodemandbardt"	,style=shape.square		,size=size.small,color=orange	)
//plotshape(nosupplybar				    	,title="nosupplybar"	,style=shape.cross		,size=size.small,color=blue)
plotshape(revupthrust				    	,title="revupthrust"	,style=shape.arrowup		,size=size.huge,color=green	)
//plotshape((upthrustbar	or	upthrustbartrue)	,title="upthrustbaro"	,style=shape.cross		,size=size.small,color=red	)
//plotshape((upthrustcond1	or	upthrustcond2)	,title="upthrustcond1"	,style=shape.triangledown	,size=size.small,color=white	)
//plotshape((pseudoupthrust)				,title="(pseudoupthrus"	,style=shape.arrowup		,size=size.small,color=blue	)
//plotshape(nodemandbarut					,title="nodemandbarut"	,style=shape.labelup		,size=size.small,color=orange	)
//plotshape(nodemandbarut					,title="nodemandbarut"	,style=shape.labeldown		,size=size.small,color=yellow	)
//plotshape(nodemandbardt					,title="nodemandbardt"	,style=shape.diamond      	,size=size.small,color=yellow	)
//plotshape(nosupplybar					,title="nosupplybar"	,style=shape.xcross		,size=size.small,color=blue	)
plotshape(lowvoltest					,title="lowvoltest"	,style=shape.triangleup		,size=size.small,color=blue	)
//plotshape(lowvoltest2					,title="lowvoltest2"	,style=shape.triangledown	,size=size.small,color=yellow	)
//plotshape(strengthdown					,title="strengthdown"	,style=shape.flag		,size=size.small,color=green)
//plotshape(strengthdown					,title="strengthdown"	,style=shape.circle		,size=size.small,color=lime	)
//plotshape(strengthdown2					,title="strengthdown2"	,style=shape.arrowup		,size=size.small,color=silver	)
//plotshape(strengthdown2					,title="strengthdown2"	,style=shape.arrowdown		,size=size.small,color=red	)
//plotshape(stopvolume					,title="stopvolume"	,style=shape.labelup		,size=size.small,color=green	)
//plotshape(stopvolume					,title="stopvolume"	,style=shape.labeldown		,size=size.small,color=yellow	)
plotshape(effortup					,title="effortup"	,style=shape.diamond      	,size=size.small,color=lime	)
plotshape(effortupfail					,title="effortupfail"	,style=shape.xcross		,size=size.small,color=blue	)
//plotshape(effortupfail					,title="effortupfail"	,style=shape.cross		,size=size.small,color=white	)
plotshape(effortdown					,title="effortdown"	,style=shape.triangledown		,size=size.small,color=red	)
plotshape(effortdownfail				,title="effortdownfail"	,style=shape.xcross	,size=size.small,color=green	)
//plotshape(effortdownfail				,title="effortdownfail"	,style=shape.flag		,size=size.small,color=white	)
//plotshape(buycond					,title="buycond"	,style=shape.circle		,size=size.small,color=green	)
//plotshape(sellcond					,title="sellcond"	,style=shape.arrowup		,size=size.small,color=orange	)
//plotshape((nut)						,title="(nut)"		,style=shape.arrowdown		,size=size.small,color=lime	)
//plotshape((bc	)					,title="(bc"		,style=shape.labelup		,size=size.small,color=red	)
//plotshape(buy						,title="buy"		,style=shape.labeldown		,size=size.small,color=white	)










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