ChaoZhang
组合简单移动平均线与自适应移动平均线的策略
本文将介绍一种组合使用简单移动平均线(SMA)与自适应移动平均线(ALMA)的量化交易策略。该策略同时结合了多种技术指标,通过设定不同的参数,形成进入和退出市场的交易信号。
一、策略原理
该策略的核心是组合使用不同参数设置的SMA和ALMA。其中SMA是非常常见的趋势跟踪指标,它通过计算一段时间内的收盘价算术平均值,来表现价格趋势的方向和力度。ALMA与SMA类似,也是对历史价格进行平均,但它增加了两个可调参数α和σ,通过控制参数使其对市场变化的敏感程度高于SMA。
该策略首先计算三条SMA,分别代表短期、中期和长期趋势。同时计算三条ALMA,代表不同时间维度下价格的均线。SMA和ALMA互相组合,形成多组指标。当短期SMA上穿中期SMA时产生买入信号,而短期SMA下穿中期SMA则产生卖出信号。结合ALMA的参数调节,可以使信号对市场的响应更快。
此外,策略还引入Relative Strength Index (RSI)来辅助判断超买超卖情况。当RSI高于设置的超买线时,视为市场超买,这时即使SMA和ALMA形成买入信号,也可能带有误导性。类似当RSI低于超卖线时,即使指标显示卖出信号,也可能会漏掉反弹机会。所以RSI的辅助判断可以避免一定的套牢风险。
综合利用SMA、ALMA和RSI多种指标的参数设定,不同参数指标之间的交叉组合,可以形成相对灵敏的交易策略信号。同时辅以RSI指标的超买超卖判断,可以进一步优化入场时机,并降低套牢概率。
二、策略优势
该策略最大的优势在于指标参数的灵活组合运用。SMA和ALMA都可灵活调整参数,代表不同的均线形态。RSI也可通过调整参数来控制信号的频繁程度。这些指标组合互补形成交易信号,可以优化入场时机选择。
相比单一的SMA指标,ALMA增强了对市场变化的灵敏度,可以更快的响应趋势转折。而RSI的辅助判断也进一步避免盲目跟随均线信号。所以该策略整体来说,具有较强的适应性和优化能力。
另一个优势是策略信号来源多样。不同时间维度上的SMA、ALMA组合互动,为策略提供了多层面的参考。这可以 Filters out noise/false signals一定程度上过滤掉市场上随机的噪音,使得信号更加可靠。
总体来说,该策略参数灵活、输出信号稳定,适合不同品种的量化交易。
三、潜在风险
尽管该策略有一定优势,但在实际运用中也存在一些风险需要注意。
首先是指标设置带来的过优化问题。SMA、ALMA和RSI都可自由调节参数,但调节不当可能会过度优化,而无法适应市场长期的结构性变化。这需要根据不同品种特点谨慎设置参数,不能一味追求短期效果。
其次是策略信号可能存在滞后。虽然ALMA的响应速度快于SMA,但终归存在一定滞后性。急激变化的市场中,这可能导致错过最优入场时机。这里需要考虑适当配以其他先行指标来优化。
最后,多指标组合带来的难以判断的交叉也需要注意。在某些时候,不同指标可能出现矛盾的信号指示。这需要根据经验清晰的优先级规则来解决。
总之,该策略并非完美,在实践中仍需要不断调整优化。但其灵活的参数设定和多指标组合优势,使其成为一种可长期应用的量化策略选型。
四、内容总结
本文详细介绍了一种组合使用SMA、ALMA和RSI的量化交易策略。该策略通过指标的灵活组合,形成对市场敏感的交易信号。相比单一指标,它具有更强的适应性和 noise filtering 能力。但我们也要注意过优化、信号滞后和判断失误等潜在问题。总体来说,该策略构建合理,可通过不断优化获取长期稳定的量化交易信号。
策略源码
/*backtest
start: 2023-09-06 00:00:00
end: 2023-09-13 00:00:00
period: 5m
basePeriod: 1m
exchanges: [{"eid":"Futures_Binance","currency":"BTC_USDT"}]
*/
//The plotchar UP/DOWN Arrows is the crossover of the fastest MA and fastest IIR MAs
//
//The dots at the bottom are the two simple averages crossing over
//
//The count over/under the candles is the count of bars that the SMAs on their
//respective resolution are fanning out.
//
//The colored background indicates a squeeze, lime=kinda tight : green=very tight squeeze. based on the 3 IIRs
//
//To answer my own question in a forum, looking at the code, i couldn't figure out how to get it from another timeframe
//and run the same calculations with the same results. My answer in the end was to scale the chosen MA length
//in the corresponding CurrentPeriod/ChosenMAPeriod proportion. This results in the same line in the same place when browsing through the
//different time resolutions. Somebody might find this invaluable
//
//The counts are for MA's fanning out, or going parabolic. Theres IIRs, Almas, one done of the other. A lot.
//The arrows above and below bars are from standard RSI numbers for OB/OS
//
//The IIRs changes color depending on their slope, which can be referenced easily with a variable.
//
//The backgrond on a bar-by-bar basis is colored when 2 sets of moving averages are in a squeeze, aka
//when price is consolidating.
//
//This aims to help the trader combine conditions and entry criteria of the trade and explore these options visually.
//They detail things from all time-frames on the current one. I prefer it because of the fractal nature of price-action, both large and small,
//either yesterday or last year. For best results, go long in short-term trades when the long-term trend is also up.
//and other profitable insights. This is also a great example of an automation algorith.
//
//The pretty ribbon is my script called 'Trading With Colors'. Use them together for fanciest results. 55/233 is my Fib Cross (golden/death) Compare it to the classic 50/200 if
//you get bored. I believe it simply works better, at least for Crypto.
//
//Evidently, I am a day-trader. But this yields higher profits on larger time-frames anyways, so do play around with it. Find what works for you.
//Thanks and credit for code snippets goes to:
//matryskowal
//ChrisMoody, probably twice
//Alex Orekhov (everget)
//author=LucF and midtownsk8rguy, for PineCoders
//If you use code from this, real quick search for perhaps the original and give them a shoutout too. I may have missed something
//Author: Sean Duffy
//@version=4
strategy(title = "Combination Parabolic MA/IIR/ALMA Strategy",
shorttitle = "MA-QuickE",
overlay = true,
backtest_fill_limits_assumption = 0,
default_qty_type = strategy.cash,
default_qty_value = 1000,
initial_capital = 1000,
currency = currency.USD,
linktoseries = true)
// calc_on_order_fills = true,
// calc_on_every_tick = true,
// Input Variables
showFIBMAs = input(false, type=input.bool, title="═══════════════ Show Fibby MAs ═══════════════")
maRes = input(960, type=input.integer, title="MA-Cross Resolution")
mal1 = input(8, type=input.integer, title="MA#1 Length")
mal2 = input(13, type=input.integer, title="MA#2 Length")
mal3 = input(34, type=input.integer, title="MA#3 Length")
loosePercentClose = input(1.1, type=input.float, title="SMA LooseSqueeze Percent")
showIIRs = input(false, type=input.bool, title="═══════════════════ Show IIRs ═══════════════════")
iirRes = input(60, type=input.integer, title="IIR Resolution")
percentClose = input(title="IIR Squeeze PercentClose", type=input.float, defval=.8)
iirlength1 = input(title="IIR Length 1", type=input.integer, defval=34)
iirlength2 = input(title="IIR Length 2", type=input.integer, defval=144)//input(title="ATR Period", type=input.integer, defval=1)
iirlength3 = input(title="IIR Length 3", type=input.integer, defval=720)//input(title="ATR Period", type=input.integer, defval=1)
showIIR1 = input(true, type=input.bool, title="Show IIR1")
showIIR2 = input(true, type=input.bool, title="Show IIR2")
showIIR3 = input(true, type=input.bool, title="Show IIR3")
showCounts = input(true, type=input.bool, title="═════════════ Show Parabolic MA Counts ════════════")
showSignals = input(true, type=input.bool, title="══════════════ Show Buy/Sell Signals ══════════════")
showBackground = input(true, type=input.bool, title="══════════════ Show Background Colors ══════════════")
//runStrategy = input(true, type=input.bool, title="══════════════ Run Strategy ══════════════")
debug = input(false, type=input.bool, title="══════════════ Show Debug ══════════════")
barLookbackPeriod = input(title="══ Bar Lookback Period ══", type=input.integer, defval=5)
percentageLookbackPeriod = input(title="══ Percentage Lookback Period ══", type=input.integer, defval=1)
bullcolor = color.green
bearcolor = color.red
color bgcolor = na
var bool slope1Green = na
var bool slope2Green = na
var bool slope3Green = na
var bool buySignal = na
var bool sellSignal = na
var bool bigbuySignal = na
var bool bigsellSignal = na
bool smbuySignal = false
bool smsellSignal = false
var bool insqueeze = na
var bool intightsqueeze = na
var bool infastsqueeze = na
var bool awaitingEntryIn = false
// My counting variables
var int count1 = 0
var float madist1 = 0
var int count2 = 0
var float madist2 = 0
var int sinceSmSignal = 0
var entryPrice = 0.0
var entryBarIndex = 0
var stopLossPrice = 0.0
// var updatedEntryPrice = 0.0
// var alertOpenPosition = false
// var alertClosePosition = false
// var label stopLossPriceLabel = na
// var line stopLossPriceLine = na
positionType = "LONG" // Strategy type, and the only current option
hasOpenPosition = strategy.opentrades != 0
hasNoOpenPosition = strategy.opentrades == 0
strategyClose() =>
if (hasOpenPosition)
if positionType == "LONG"
strategy.close("LONG", when=true)
else
strategy.close("SHORT", when=true)
strategyOpen() =>
if (hasNoOpenPosition)
if positionType == "LONG"
strategy.entry("LONG", strategy.long, when=true)
else
strategy.entry("SHORT", strategy.short, when=true)
checkEntry() =>
buysignal = false
if (hasNoOpenPosition)
strategyOpen()
buysignal := true
// if (slope1Green and (trend1Green or trend2Green) and awaitingEntryIn and hasNoOpenPosition)
// strategyOpen()
// buysignal := true
buysignal
checkExit() =>
sellsignal = false
// if (trend1Green == false and trend2Green == false) // to later have quicker exit strategy
// sellsignal := true
// strategyClose()
if (hasOpenPosition)
sellsignal := true
strategyClose()
sellsignal
multiplier(_adjRes, _adjLength) => // returns adjusted length
multiplier = _adjRes/timeframe.multiplier
round(_adjLength*multiplier)
//reset the var variables before new calculations
buySignal := false
sellSignal := false
smbuySignal := false
smsellSignal := false
bigbuySignal := false
bigsellSignal := false
ma1 = sma(close, multiplier(maRes, mal1))
ma2 = sma(close, multiplier(maRes, mal2))
ma3 = sma(close, multiplier(maRes, mal3))
madist1 := abs(ma1 - ma2)
madist2 := abs(ma1 - ma3) // check if MA's are fanning/going parabolic
if (ma1 >= ma2 and ma2 >= ma3 and madist1[0] > madist1[1]) //and abs(dataB - dataC >= madist2) // dataA must be higher than b, and distance between gaining, same with C
count1 := count1 + 1
else
count1 := 0
if (ma1 <= ma2 and ma2 <= ma3 and madist1[0] > madist1[1]) //<= madist2 and dataB <= dataC) //and abs(dataB - dataC >= madist2) // dataA must be higher than b, and distance between gaining, same with C
count2 := count2 + 1
else
count2 := 0
crossoverAB = crossover(ma1, ma2)
crossunderAB = crossunder(ma1, ma2)
plot(showFIBMAs ? ma1 : na, linewidth=3)
plot(showFIBMAs ? ma2 : na)
plot(showFIBMAs ? ma3 : na)
// Fast Squeese Check WORK IN PROGRESS
//
float singlePercent = close / 100
if max(madist1, madist2) <= singlePercent*loosePercentClose
bgcolor := color.yellow
infastsqueeze := true
else
infastsqueeze := false
// IIR MOVING AVERAGE
f(a) => a[0] // fixes mutable error
iirma(iirlength, iirsrc) =>
cf = 2*tan(2*3.14159*(1/iirlength)/2)
a0 = 8 + 8*cf + 4*pow(cf,2) + pow(cf,3)
a1 = -24 - 8*cf + 4*pow(cf,2) + 3*pow(cf,3)
a2 = 24 - 8*cf - 4*pow(cf,2) + 3*pow(cf,3)
a3 = -8 + 8*cf - 4*pow(cf,2) + pow(cf,3)
//----
c = pow(cf,3)/a0
d0 = -a1/a0
d1 = -a2/a0
d2 = -a3/a0
//----
out = 0.
out := nz(c*(iirsrc + iirsrc[3]) + 3*c*(iirsrc[1] + iirsrc[2]) + d0*out[1] + d1*out[2] + d2*out[3],iirsrc)
f(out)
iirma1 = iirma(multiplier(iirRes, iirlength1), close)
iirma2 = iirma(multiplier(iirRes, iirlength2), close)
iirma3 = iirma(multiplier(iirRes, iirlength3), close)
// adjusts length for current resolution now, length is lengthened/shortened accordingly, upholding exact placement of lines
// iirmaD1 = security(syminfo.tickerid, tostring(iirRes), iirma1, barmerge.gaps_on, barmerge.lookahead_on)
// iirmaD2 = security(syminfo.tickerid, tostring(iirRes), iirma2, barmerge.gaps_on, barmerge.lookahead_on)
// iirmaD3 = security(syminfo.tickerid, tostring(iirRes), iirma3, barmerge.gaps_on, barmerge.lookahead_on)
slope1color = slope1Green ? color.lime : color.blue
slope2color = slope2Green ? color.lime : color.blue
slope3color = slope3Green ? color.lime : color.blue
plot(showIIR1 and showIIRs ? iirma1 : na, title="IIR1", color=slope1color, linewidth=2, transp=30)
plot(showIIR2 and showIIRs ? iirma2 : na, title="IIR2", color=slope2color, linewidth=3, transp=30)
plot(showIIR3 and showIIRs ? iirma3 : na, title="IIR3", color=slope3color, linewidth=4, transp=30)
// checks slope of IIRs to create a boolean variable and and color it differently
if (iirma1[0] >= iirma1[1])
slope1Green := true
else
slope1Green := false
if (iirma2[0] >= iirma2[1])
slope2Green := true
else
slope2Green := false
if (iirma3[0] >= iirma3[1])
slope3Green := true
else
slope3Green := false
// calculate space between IIRs and then if the price jumps above both
//float singlePercent = close / 100 // = a single percent
var float distIIR1 = na
var float distIIR2 = na
distIIR1 := abs(iirma1 - iirma2)
distIIR2 := abs(iirma1 - iirma3)
if (distIIR1[0] < percentClose*singlePercent and close[0] >= iirma1[0])
if close[0] >= iirma2[0] and close[0] >= iirma3[0]
bgcolor := color.green
insqueeze := true
intightsqueeze := true
else
bgcolor := color.lime
insqueeze := true
intightsqueeze := false
else
insqueeze := false
intightsqueeze := false
// if (true)//sinceSmSignal > 0) // cutting down on fastest MAs noise
// sinceSmSignal := sinceSmSignal + 1
// if (crossoverAB)
// //checkEntry()
// //smbuySignal := true
// sinceSmSignal := 0
// if (crossunderAB) // and all NOT greennot (slope1Green and slope2Green and slope3Green)
// //checkExit()
// //smsellSignal := true
// sinceSmSignal := 0
// else
// sinceSmSignal := sinceSmSignal + 1
f_draw_infopanel(_x, _y, _line, _text, _color)=>
_rep_text = ""
for _l = 0 to _line
_rep_text := _rep_text + "\n"
_rep_text := _rep_text + _text
var label _la = na
label.delete(_la)
_la := label.new(
x=_x, y=_y,
text=_rep_text, xloc=xloc.bar_time, yloc=yloc.price,
color=color.black, style=label.style_labelup, textcolor=_color, size=size.normal)
posx = timenow + round(change(time)*60)
posy = highest(50)
// CONSTRUCTION ZONE
// TODO: program way to eliminate noise and false signals
// MAYBEDO: program it to differentiate between a moving average bump and a cross
// I think the best way would be to calculate the tangent line... OR
// Take the slope of both going back a couple bars and if it's close enough, its a bounce off
// and an excellent entry signal
// program in quickest exit, 2 bars next to eachother both closing under, as to avoid a single wick from
// prompting to close the trade
// Some other time, have it move SMA up or down depending on whether trending up or down. Then use those MA crosses
//THIS CHECKS THE SLOPE FROM CURRENT PRICE TO BACK 10 BARS
checkSlope(_series) => (_series[0]/_series[10])*100 // it now returns it as a percentage
doNewX = input(true, type=input.bool, title="══════════ Show misc MA Cross Strategy ══════════")
iirX = input(13, title="IIRx Length: ", type=input.integer)
iirXperiod = input(21, title="IIRx Period/TF: ", type=input.integer)
iirX2 = input(144, title="IIRx2 Length: ", type=input.integer)
iirX2period = input(233, title="IIRx2 Period/TF: ", type=input.integer) //15
almaXperiod = input(defval=21, title="Alma of IIR1 Period: ", type=input.integer)
almaXalpha = input(title="Alma Alpha Value: ", defval=.99, maxval=.99, type=input.float)
almaXsigma = input(title="Alma Sigma Value: ", defval=8, type=input.float)
iirmaOTF = iirma(multiplier(iirXperiod, iirX), close)
iirma2OTF = iirma(multiplier(iirX2period, iirX2), close)
smaOTF = alma(iirmaOTF, almaXperiod, almaXalpha, almaXsigma) // maybe dont touch, its precise // I took the ALMA of the IIRMA, and i hope thats not cheating ;)
// I could have removed this. the multiplier function adjusts the length to fit the current timeframe while displaying the same
// smaXOTF = security(syminfo.tickerid, smaXperiod, smaOTF, barmerge.gaps_on, barmerge.lookahead_on)
// iirmaXOTF = security(syminfo.tickerid, iirXperiod, iirmaOTF, barmerge.gaps_on, barmerge.lookahead_on)
// iirmaX2OTF = security(syminfo.tickerid, iirX2period, iirma2OTF, barmerge.gaps_on, barmerge.lookahead_on)
plot(doNewX ? smaOTF : na, title="FastMA X-Over : ", color=color.blue, linewidth=1, transp=40)
plot(doNewX ? iirmaOTF : na, title="IIR MAx : ", color=color.purple, linewidth=1, transp=30)
plot(doNewX ? iirma2OTF : na, title="IIR MAx : ", color=color.purple, linewidth=2, transp=20)
iirma2Up = iirma2OTF[0] > iirma2OTF[1] // just another slope up/down variable.
//calculate spaces between averages
distiiralma = abs(iirmaOTF - smaOTF)
crossoverFast = crossover(iirmaOTF[0], smaOTF[0]) // and (iirmaOTF[1] <= smaOTF[1])
crossunderFast = crossunder(iirmaOTF[0], smaOTF[0]) // and (iirmaOTF[1] >= smaOTF[1])
if (crossoverFast and iirma2Up == true) // and (count1 != 0))// or close[0] < (lowest(barLookbackPeriod) + singlePercent*3))) // must be at most a few percent up from a recent low. Avoid buying highs :P
buySignal := true
strategyOpen()
// if (slope1Green and slope2Green and slope3Green and infastsqueeze == false)
// checkEntry()
if (crossunderFast)
sellSignal := true
checkExit()
// I feel like I didn't cite the OG author for this panel correctly. I hope I did, but there are extentions of his/her work in multiple places.
// I could have gotten it confused.
if (debug)
f_draw_infopanel(posx, posy, 18, "distiiralma from IIR: " + tostring(distiiralma), color.lime)
//f_draw_infopanel(posx, posy, 16, "distiirs: " + tostring(distiirX1), color.lime)
f_draw_infopanel(posx, posy, 14, "Value of iirmaOTF: " + tostring(iirmaOTF), color.lime)
f_draw_infopanel(posx, posy, 6, "slope X: " + tostring(abs(100 - checkSlope(iirmaOTF))), color.lime)
f_draw_infopanel(posx, posy, 12, "value of smaOTF: " + tostring(smaOTF), color.lime)
f_draw_infopanel(posx, posy, 6, "slopeAlma: " + tostring(abs(100 - checkSlope(smaOTF))), color.lime)
f_draw_infopanel(posx, posy, 2, "slopeIIR2 " + tostring(abs(100 - checkSlope(iirma2OTF))), color.lime)
f_draw_infopanel(posx, posy, 2, "slopeIIR2 " + tostring(abs(100 - checkSlope(iirma2OTF))), color.lime)
// I kept this separate because it discludes the calculations. Its hard to hold a train of thought while fishing for the right section
bgcolor(showBackground ? bgcolor : na)
plotshape(showSignals ? buySignal : na, location=location.bottom, style=shape.circle, text="", size=size.tiny, color=color.blue, transp=60)
plotshape(showSignals ? sellSignal : na, location=location.bottom, style=shape.circle, text="", size=size.tiny, color=color.red, transp=60)
plotchar(showSignals and smbuySignal, title="smBuy", location=location.belowbar, char='↑', size=size.tiny, color=color.green, transp=0)
plotchar(showSignals and smsellSignal, title="smSell", location=location.abovebar, char='↓', size=size.tiny, color=color.orange, transp=0)
// can not display a variable. Can only match the count to a corresponding plotchar
// to display a non-constant variable, use the debug box, which was so kindly offered up by our community.
plotchar(showCounts and count1==1, title='', char='1', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count1==2, title='', char='2', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count1==3, title='', char='3', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count1==4, title='', char='4', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count1==5, title='', char='5', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count1==6, title='', char='6', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count1==7, title='', char='7', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count1==8, title='', char='8', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count1==9, title='', char='9', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count1>=10, title='', char='$', location=location.belowbar, color=#2c9e2c, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2==1, title='', char='1', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2==2, title='', char='2', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2==3, title='', char='3', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2==4, title='', char='4', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2==5, title='', char='5', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2==6, title='', char='6', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2==7, title='', char='7', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2==8, title='', char='8', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2==9, title='', char='9', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
plotchar(showCounts and count2>=10, title='', char='$', location=location.abovebar, color=#e91e63, transp=0)
showRSIind = input(true, type=input.bool, title="═══════════════════ Show RSI Arrows ═══════════════════")
// Get user input
rsiSource = input(title="RSI Source", type=input.source, defval=close)
rsiLength = input(title="RSI Length", type=input.integer, defval=14)
rsiOverbought = input(title="RSI Overbought Level", type=input.integer, defval=80)
rsiOversold = input(title="RSI Oversold Level", type=input.integer, defval=20)
// Get RSI value
rsiValue = rsi(rsiSource, rsiLength)
isRsiOB = rsiValue >= rsiOverbought
isRsiOS = rsiValue <= rsiOversold
// Plot signals to chart
plotshape(isRsiOB, title="Overbought", location=location.abovebar, color=color.red, transp=0, style=shape.triangledown)
plotshape(isRsiOS, title="Oversold", location=location.belowbar, color=color.green, transp=0, style=shape.triangleup)
//reset the var variables before new calculations
buySignal := false
sellSignal := false
smbuySignal := false
smsellSignal := false
bigbuySignal := false
bigsellSignal := false